The Future of Citizenship: State, Democracy & Participation in the ZEDEs

Abstract

This paper examines the evolving concept of citizenship and the contemporary challenges it encounters by employing insights from contemporary citizenship theories. Over recent decades, the characteristics of the state, alongside the definition of citizenship, have undergone notable transformations. The dynamics of globalization and increased cross-border mobility have introduced novel challenges in our comprehension of citizenship and the role of the state. One example are the Zones for Employment and Economic Development (ZEDEs), which provide new forms of governance that transcend or bypass the traditional boundaries and functions of the nation-state. This paper discusses the emerging challenges posed by these zones, particularly in the context of democratic principles, political participation and citizenship. New Special Administrative Regions like the ZEDEs may change the way in which we understand and analyse modern citizenship – particularly the notion of nation-states as the sole providers of rights and duties towards their citizens.